The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between internal migration patterns and environment-oriented social security factors by pathological approach. The research method is the secondary analysis of census data,universe of study contains 31 provinces of the country in year 2011. Based on the two percent census file, the sample contain 95093 migrated people. The theoretical framework of present article is social disorganization theory which extensively analysis the impacts of newly immigrants on the efficiency and ability of society for social controls. The results show that about 16 percent of the total internal migration, potentially pathological migrations (PMs). The destination of most PMs is Tehran, Hamadan, Razavi Khorasan and Alborz Provinces. Nearly 80 percent of PMs are between the 15 –,35 years old. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between PMs and the social environment insecurity index (r: 576, sig: 99. 9), But there was not a significant correlation between total net migration and PMs. According to the results, migration, by itself, not lead to the occurrence of social problems, but the quality of migrants and the mechanism of adaptation to the destination are contexts of social security.

Theoretical models and experimental evidence demonstrate a complex. multi-dimensional and mutual relationship between education and migration. Internal migration plays an and movements in Iran. On the other hand, education has an important role in decision making and migrating. The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between education and internal migration using the micro-(or individual-) and aggregate-level data from the 2016 census. The results indicated that the inter-county migration balance has been negative for about three-fourths of the counties between 2011 and 2016. The results also confirm that there is a positive correlation between higher education and net migration rates. However, the association between education and net migration varies in different developmental contexts.; in less developed counties, a higher proportion of highly educated population is associated with a more negative NMR. In contrast, in more developed counties, a higher proportion of highly educated population is associated with a more positive NMR. In addition, the analysis of micro-level data showed that the internal migration intensity increases with an increase in the level of educational. So that, the migration intensity is ten time larger for those with a PhD degree, compared to illiterates. In migration balance, thus, more-developed counties gain more human capital and less developed counties, on the other hand, lose their highly educated population and human capital. The continuation of this condition is expected to lead to more socio-regional inequalities.

Numerous studies in recent decades have examined the dimensions and consequences of internal migration in Iran. Using a scoping review and Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, this article examines studies of internal migration in the last three decades to provide a comprehensive picture of the characteristics, dimensions, determinants and consequences of internal migration in Iran. The results indicate the dominance of quantitative methods and survey data in internal migration studies. More than half of studies focused on rural-urban migration and about one-fifth on migration flows and its consequences to Tehran province. Also, according to the results, more than 52% of studies examined determinants of internal migration, 31% various consequences of migration at the origin and destination, 13% internal migration trends and patterns and finally, 3% demographic characteristics of migrants. In addition, the results showed that unequal development, centralization of economic and educational facilities and opportunities, climate change, income disparities, job acquisition and social networks are among the most important factors underlying internal migration in Iran. However, the field of internal migration in the country needs using new indicators and criteria for international comparisons, addressing the emerging dimensions and patterns of migration and using the methodology of qualitative studies.

This article aims to explore changes in trends and patterns of internal migration during last three decades with using secondary analysis of Iranian censuses data. The results showed changing pattern of migration from intra to inter provincial migration. During last three decades, inter provincial migration increase from 35 to 40 perecent of migrations. The findings indicated that the most inter-provincial migration flows have done toward to their neighboring provinces and Tehran (the capital of Iran). The provinces of Tehran, Alborz, Semnan, Qom, Yazd and Isfahan have always considered destinations for internal migrants. In contrast, the provinces of East and West Azarbaijan, Ardebil, Ilam, Chahar Mahal-e Bakhtiyari, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kordestan, Kerman, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad, Lorestan and Hamedan have been the most origins of internal migration. In conclusion, regarding high unemployment and lack employment opportunities in the most of origin provinces and also, development inequality, we expect inter-provincial migration flows to increase.

Today, due to the relative stability of fertility and mortality at low levels, the contribution of migration to population dynamics and regional changes has become more noticeable. Migration is a dynamic process arising from changing social contexts that can affect not only migrants but also the origin and destination regions. The increase in migrations and displacements, especially from the border areas of the country towards the center and their settlement around megacities, especially around Tehran the capital of Iran, is one of the main social and demographic issues and challenges in Iran. In this regard, this article examines the patterns and determinants of internal migration in the country by using the secondary analysis of individual and aggregated data from the 2011 and 2016 population censuses. The results showed that with the increase in urbanization, the net migration of the population from rural to urban areas decreased and inter-city migrations increased. Tehran is the most attractive province for migration from most provinces. The attractiveness of Tehran is especially higher for western provinces. However, the migration flow from Tehran province is towards Alborz province, and the two northern provinces of the country, Gilan and Mazandaran, where migration is more common among the elderly. In addition, Tehran and surrounding provinces are facing population gain (increase) due to migration, while western and south-eastern provinces, with low levels of development, experience population loss (decrease) due to migration. Considering regional inequalities, age structure (young/ middle-aged), increase in education level, high youth unemployment, and lack of job opportunities in most provinces and counties, it is expected that the trend of internal migration, especially inter-provincial migration, will increase. Keywords: Internal Migration, Inter-City Migration, Population Dynamics, Regional Inequality.     Introduction Migration is the movement of individuals from one place to another with the intention of settling, either permanently or temporarily. Today, due to the relatively stable levels of fertility and mortality, the impact of migration on population dynamics and regional changes has become more pronounced. Migration is a dynamic process influenced by changing social contexts that can impact not only migrants but also the regions they come from and go to. While migration is often viewed as an individual pursuit for a better life, it is also a collective response to social, economic, and political changes. In the era of globalization, migration has become a highly politicized issue, leading to significant social, economic, and political consequences in both host and origin countries. Internal migration and displacement can be triggered by a variety of factors with varying degrees of effectiveness. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of migration factors is crucial in migration studies. The increase in migrations, particularly from border areas to urban centers like Tehran, poses significant social and demographic challenges in Iran. Thus, this article explores the patterns and determinants of internal migration in Iran. Materials and Methods This study analyzed individual and aggregated data from the 2011 and 2016 population censuses in Iran, to investigate internal migration trends, patterns, and flows from 2006 to 2016. By focusing on recent migration data at the provincial and county levels, the study aims to provide insights into regional migration patterns and the drivers of internal migration. Findings The findings indicated that during the initial phases of urbanization, rural-urban migration was predominant, but as urbanization progressed, urban-to-urban migration became the dominant pattern. As urbanization increased, net migration from rural to urban areas decreased, while inter-city migrations rose. Male migration patterns were influenced more by employment factors, while female migration was driven by family and education considerations. Demographic selective of internal migration led to changes in the age and gender composition of both origin and destination populations. The aging and feminization of rural and underdeveloped areas were attributed to the out-migration of young men. This trend also resulted in a shortage of marriage partners for women in rural regions. Also, results showed Regional migration patterns were linked to regional economic development and growth. Disparities in development led to uneven growth and uncontrolled population movements. Tehran emerged as the most attractive destination for migrants from other provinces, particularly from the western regions. However, out-migration from Tehran was directed towards Alborz, Gilan, and Mazandaran provinces, where elderly migration was more common in this case. Tehran and its surrounding provinces experienced population growth due to migration, while less developed western and southeastern provinces saw population decline. Provinces with net negative migration tended to have predominantly rural populations and high unemployment rates. Conclusion The study's findings revealed a shift in the pattern of rural-urban migration towards inter-city migration, with a rise in inter-county and inter-provincial migration. There has also been an increase in the involvement of women in migration flows, as well as a surge in out-migration from the eastern and western regions towards the central region. Given the existing regional disparities, the relatively young and middle-aged population structure, higher education levels, elevated youth unemployment rates, and limited job opportunities in many provinces and counties, it is anticipated that internal migration, particularly inter-provincial migration, will continue to increase. The ongoing trend of migration from less developed areas to more developed regions is further widening regional inequalities. Acknowledgments The initial version of this article was presented at the First National Conference on the Social Situation of Iran, hosted by Allameh Tabataba'i University and supported by the Ministry of Interior's Social Affairs Organization in March 2023. The author would like to express their gratitude to the organizers and supporters of the conference for providing the opportunity to present this article and subsequently revise and expand it to its current form. Conflict of interest There is no conflict of interest.

In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during 2011-2016. The results of descriptive statistics are displayed in the ArcMap software. Moreover, considering that the location dimension has been confirmed in statistical data on internal migration and explanatory variables based on Moran's I test and in spatial models according to rho and lambda statistics, after testing different spatial models, the SEM spatial model was chosen to examine the research model. For this purpose, GeoDa and Stata software were used. The results of the spatial regression of the cross-sectional data showed that the economic indicators of GDP per capita, unemployment, and poverty intensity have a statistically significant effect on net migration in the provinces of the country. Unemployment and poverty have a negative effect, and income (gross domestic product per capita) positively affects net migration in the provinces. These results are consistent with the economic motives proposed in neoclassical theories and relative deprivation theory in internal migration. Additionally, increasing CI (avoidance of drought) as an environmental factor has positively and significantly affected net migration in the provinces. By combining this result with descriptive statistics, it can be stated that migration is one of several potential strategies for households to deal with environmental changes (drought).

During the cannulation of the inferior vena cava in a 29-year-old patient undergoing mitral and aortic valve replacement, the pump suction tip was inadvertently lost in the right atrium. After starting CPB and cardioplegic arrest of the heart, the right atrium and ventricle were searched for the foreign body, but it became evident by reontgenography that the foreign body had migrated to the pelvic veins. At the end of the operation, extraction with a Fogarty catheter was attempted but was not successful and the foreign body was extracted via laparatomy.

Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities.